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Clean | |
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In computer science, Clean is a general-purpose purely functional computer programming language.
Examples Hello world (Store as hello.icl): module hello Start = "Hello, world!" Factorial: module factorial fac 0 = 1 fac n = n * fac (n-1) // find the factorial of 10 Start = fac 10 Fibonacci sequence: module fibonacci fib 0 = 0 fib 1 = 1 fib n = fib (n - 2) + fib (n - 1) Start = fib 7 Infix operator: (^) infixr 8 :: Int Int -> Int (^) x 0 = 1 (^) x n = x * x ^ (n-1) The type declaration states that the function is a right associative infix operator with priority 8: this states that x*x^(n-1) is equivalent to x*(x^(n-1)) as opposed to (x*x)^(n-1); this operator is pre-defined in the Clean standard environment. How Clean works Computation is based on graph rewriting and reduction. Constants such as numbers are graphs and functions are graph rewriting formulas. This, combined with compilation to native code, makes Clean programs relatively fast, even with high abstraction. Compiling Source files (.icl) and project files (.dcl) are converted into Clean's platform independent bytecode (.abc), implemented in C and Clean. Bytecode is converted to object code (.obj) using C. object code is linked with other files in the module and the runtime system and converted into a normal executable in Clean. Earlier Clean system versions were written completely in C, thus avoiding bootstrapping issues. Platforms Clean is available for Windows But with limited input-output capabilities and without the "Dynamics" feature prior to version 2.2 for the following platforms: Macintosh Solaris Linux License Clean is dual licensed: it is available under the terms of the GNU LGPL, and also under a proprietary license for ?75. original - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_(programming_language) Romada - (pancho-icq@rambler.ru) |
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| Green Bank Telescope Enables "Intensity Mapping" to Shed Light on Mysteries of Dark Energy
Using the world's largest, fully steerable radio telescope--the National Science Foundation's Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in W.Va.--an international team of researchers has given astronomers the promise of a new tool for mapping the universe and gaining valuable clues about the nature of the mysterious "dark energy" believed to constitute nearly three-fourths of the universe's mass and energy. "Intensity Mapping" offers the potential for ...
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